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Red-crowned crane
The red-crowned crane (''Grus japonensis''), also called the Japanese crane (; Hanyu Pinyin: Dāndǐng Hè; , ''tanchōzuru''; , ''Durumi''; the Chinese character '丹' means 'red', '頂/顶' means 'crown' and '鶴/鹤' means 'crane'), is a large east Asian crane and among the rarest cranes in the world. In some parts of its range, it is known as a symbol of luck, longevity and fidelity.
==Description==
Adult red-crowned cranes are named for a patch of red bare skin on the crown, which becomes brighter in the mating season. Overall, they are snow white in color with black on the wing secondaries, which can appear almost like a black tail when the birds are standing, but the real tail feathers are actually white. Males are black on the cheeks, throat and neck, while females are pearly gray in these spots. The bill is olive green to greenish horn, the legs are slaty to grayish black, and the iris is dark brown.
This species is among the largest cranes, typically measuring about tall and in length (from bill to tail tip). Across the large wingspan, the red-crowned crane measures .〔del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J.(1996) Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 3: Hoatzins to Auks Lynx Edicions, Barcelona〕〔()〕〔()〕〔()〕 Typical body weight can range from , with males being slightly larger and heavier than females and weight ranging higher just prior to migration.〔(International (2000), Threatened Birds of the World, Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona and Cambridge ) (Red-crowned crane - ICF )〕〔''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses'' by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.〕〔Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), ''Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife''. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0789477645〕 On average, it is the heaviest crane species, although both the sarus and wattled crane can grow taller and exceed this species in linear measurements.〔〔(Wattled Crane profile ) (2011).〕〔(Sarus Crane profile ) (2011).〕 The maximum known weight of the red-crowned crane is .〔(Welcome to Cyber Crane )〕〔''The Wildlife Year'', The Reader's Digest Association, Inc. (1991). ISBN 0-276-42012-8.〕 Among standard measurements, the wing chord measures , the exposed culmen measures and the tarsus measures .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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